修饰语，顾名思义，是修饰的词。具体来说，它们是修饰句子含义的词。你怎么确定一个人长什么样?修饰语。你如何描述一个动作是如何执行的?一个修饰词。你如何沟通某地，何时，或者事情是如何发生的?你猜对了——用修饰语。
什么是修饰词?
正如我们上面提到的，修饰语是用来修饰句子含义的词。看看这两个例子:
- I rode the train.
- I rode the earliest train into the city.
第二句话更有描述性，因为它包含了修饰语。从根本上说，修饰语的目的是使句子更有描述性或更详细。它们可以使句子的意思更清楚，使句子更具体，或者只是使句子更吸引人。上面的两个例句都是完整的句子，但只有一个例句提供了关于火车旅行的额外细节。这些细节，取决于这个句子如何融入到一个更大的对话中，可以作为铺垫、澄清、区分这个语句和另一个语句，或者是一种吸引听者注意力的手段。
第二句既包含修饰语又包含修饰语短语。修饰语是改变句子意思的单个单词，修饰语短语则是起修饰语作用的短语。这类似于形容词短语是充当形容词的短语，名词短语是充当名词的短语，以及其他语法短语是充当特定词性的短语。
可以用作修饰语的单个单词有以下几个例子:
- First
- Yellow
- Outdoor
- Flying
修饰语短语可以是副词或形容词短语，比如:
- Beneath the car
- A somewhat slow
- Without a care
有时，从句充当修饰语。它们也通常是副词或形容词，看起来像这样:
- When the sun rises
- Who wore gray jeans
- With excitement in her eyes
下面是一些修饰语的例子:
- We waited until the last minute to mention our concerns.
- The kid with green sneakers kicked the ball.
下面是一些修饰语从句在句子中的用法:
- My sister won the contest, as she had hoped.
- The pedestrian, who had been waiting for fifteen minutes, didn’t step aside.
修饰语的构成
通常，修饰语被放在它们要修饰的名词旁边。通常，它的意思是在名词之前或之后:
- My calico cat is always by my side.
- The girls ordered a pizza without sauce.
在修饰动词或形容词时也是如此:
- He bought a bright blue van.
- I told the students to listen carefully to the lecture.
当修饰语不在这个位置时，它会让读者或听众感到困惑。这就是所谓的错位修饰语。下面是一些误用修饰语的例子:
- They bought a car for my sister they call Pumpkin.
- We built a house for them out of bricks.
在第一句中，谁是南瓜?是妹妹还是车?第二种情况下，他们的砖用光了吗?我们是用砖头盖的房子吗?他们以前住在砖头里吗?
下面是两个相同的句子，它们的修饰语在正确的位置:
- They bought a car that they call Pumpkin for my sister.
- We built a house out of bricks for them.
可以看出差别了吧?
悬垂修饰词
一种错位的修饰语被称为悬垂修饰语。悬垂修饰语是一种不修饰句子中任何特定单词的修饰语。以下是一些例子:
- After reading the book, the movie was great.
- Before leaving, a squirrel crossed the sidewalk.
你可能能猜到这些句子在传达什么，但它们感觉尴尬和起伏。这是因为他们的修饰语实际上并没有修饰任何名词。这些句子更清晰的写法是:
- After reading the book, I thought the movie was great.
- Before leaving, I watched a squirrel cross the sidewalk.
悬垂修饰符并不是唯一一种错位修饰符。另一种类型被称为偏置修饰语。这种修饰语是不清楚的，因为它的放置方式使它既适用于它前面的单词，也适用于它后面的单词。看看这些例子:
- The kids who played at the playground sometimes bought ice cream.
- Emi hoped when class was over she could check her phone.
对于这些句子，移动修饰语可以解决任何清晰的问题:
- Sometimes, the kids who played at the playground bought ice cream.
- The kids who sometimes played at the playground bought ice cream.
- When class was over, Emi hoped she could check her phone.
- Emi hoped she could check her phone when class was over.
不同种类的修饰语
正如我们上面提到的，修饰语可以是单个的单词、短语或从句。要快速复习如何将这些成分组合在一起来构建句子，请阅读我们关于句子结构的文章。
形容词短语可以充当修饰语。形容词短语是充当形容词的短语，这意味着它们描述名词。你可能会听到或读到，形容词短语用来描述形容词，这在迂腐的意义上是正确的——一个形容词短语通过描述单个形容词要表达的内容来取代单个形容词。但形容词的作用是描述一个名词，而一个形容词短语通过提供比单个形容词更生动的描述，最终描述了一个名词。
有了这些，我们来看看这些形容词短语作为修饰语的例子:
- The building that was taller than the others was prone to power outages.
- Our generally aloof cat surprised us by accepting the new kitten.
形容词从句也可以作修饰语。以下是一些例子:
- Kiara, a student who had recently transferred, asked about the school’s testing schedule.
- The service that catered our parties just increased their prices.
当然，单个形容词也可以用作修饰语:
- I want to go to the retro arcade for my birthday.
- They saw a yellow bird in the garden.
这包括所有格形容词:
- The paint splattered all over my car.
副词是修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词的词。自然地，它们经常被用作修饰语:
- She performed her solo perfectly.
- We are very experienced designers.
副词短语很像形容词短语，因为它们和副词有相同的功能。和形容词短语一样，副词短语经常被作家用来使描述更加生动:
- She performed her solo with perfect pitch.
- We have years of experience as designers.
作者也用状语从句来修饰句子，比如:
- The band played like a high school garage band plays.
- They hung their clothes like the closet was a boutique.
介词短语也可以用作修饰语。下面是一些例句:
- The woman with blue hair bought four romanescos.
- All the fish in the lake play a role in the ecosystem.
限定性修饰语是通过描述句子中名词、代词或其他主语所面临的限制来增加细节的修饰语。经常用作限制性修饰语的词包括:
- Always
- Only
- Just
- Simply
- Almost
在句子中，限定性修饰语可以是这样的:
- I just want to go on vacation.
修饰语的例句
你在日常说话和写作中使用修饰语，而自己却没有意识到。看看这些例子，看看修饰语在句子中的各种用法:
- We went to the beach on our vacation last year.
- Mossimo always asks me how work is going.
- Kristi grew tomatoes that were bigger than everybody else’s.
- Before school starts, the teachers all drink iced coffee.
- We produced our movie on a tight budget.
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